Issue : 01 DOI :
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OF
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
RESEARCH
Volume : 02
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
65
Abstract
Background- Preparation of Bhasmas (Ayurvedic traditional medicine) from metals and minerals are
tedious process which removes toxic properties of metals and minerals and improve medicinal properties.
We prepared Abhraka bhasma by traditional method and analysis of raw Abhraka, pure Abhraka &
Abhrakabhasma done by Ayurvedic & modern parameters. Objectives- The present study deals with the
preparation and analysis of Abhraka bhasma by traditional method. Hence attempts have been made to see
the physico-chemical differences between Ashuddha (Impure) Abhraka, Shuddha (Pure) Abhraka &
Abhrakabhasma by using different analytical techniques. Material and Methods- Abhrakabhasma
preparation includes shodhana (purification), dhanyabhraka nirmana, marana (incineration). The
prepared bhasma were analyzed by classical ayurvedic tests (Rekhapurnatva, Varitar, Nishchandratva,
etc.) and modern analytical techniques (loss on drying, ash value, assay for Fe, etc). Results- After
Shodhana the layers of Abhraka were separated easily. Near about 80-85% of Nishchandratva was
achieved after third Puta during Mardana procedure. After 40th Puta, Abhraka was Sookshma, Shlakshna,
and Ishtikabha and fulfilled all the Bhasma Pariksha. Conclusion- Dhanyabhrakikarana of Abhraka
produces uniform and fine powder of Abhraka, concludes that even in underdeveloped phase of human
life technique used by ancient Acharya was scientific and of great significance. For the Abhraka Marana,
Gajaputa is mentioned in texts but the quantity of Bhasma didn’t mentioned. Hence proportion of Agni
should be taken as per weight of Chakrika (pellets).
Keywords- Ashuddha Abhraka, Shodhana, Dhanyabhraka, Marana, Ayurvedic bhasma pariksha.
P
ISSN No. : 2584-2757
Volume : 03
Issue : 01
DOI
: 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 153
Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG)
Year of Establishment – 2016
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Vd. Kishor Bodhakar
Article Info: Published on : 15/10/2025
Impact Factor : 1.013
Pharmaceutical Preparation Of Abhrak Bhasma
Vd. Kishor N. Bodhakar
1
, Dr. Prakash H. Khaparde
2
1
Professor, Rasashastra-B.K. Department, Sardar Patel Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Balaghat
(Madhya Pradesh) & PhD Scholar, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyala, Nagpur (Maharashtra)
2
Ex- Dean, Government Ayurved College Dharashiv Osmanabad (Maharashtra)
Cite this article as: - Vd. Kishor Bodhakar ; (2025) Pharmaceutical Preparation Of Abhrak Bhasma;Inter .J. Dignostics and
Research 3 (1) 65-76 , DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 153
G
A
R
V
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
66
Introduction :
Detailed knowledge of metals and minerals has
been explained in Rasashastra which is a branch of
Ayurveda. The herbal medicines have their
limitations due to requirement of higher dosage,
non-palatability and less shelf-life. To overcome
this, Rasaushadhis like Bhasmas are the best
alternatives. Bhasmas prepared from the natural
minerals/metals along with herbs by the process
of Bhasmikarana in which toxic compounds are
converted into non-toxic and bio-acceptable
form.
[1,2]
Though bhasma are superior than herbal
products, improperly prepared bhasmas can
produce adverse effects on the body & potentially
severe, toxic. e.g. heavy metal poisoning and
sometimes may lead to death. In
mineral/metal based drugs, the use of plant extracts
illuminate the toxic effects of minerals/metals.
[3,4]
Preparation of particular bhasma from a single
metal/mineral has been shown with different routes
to enhance their therapeutic utility and ultimately
medicinal values
[5]
. The preparation of abhraka
bhasma includes shodhana (purification
of abhraka), dhanyabhraka nirmana (insertion
of abhraka in sour gruel with rice
husk), marana (incineration). Shodhan
(purification) with different media like cow milk,
decoction of Triphala kwath (Amalaki, Haritaki,
Bibhitaki fruits), cow urine and Kanji (rice husk)
are frequently used as medium
[6]
. Among them
Nirvapa process (heating and immediately
quenching in liquid medium) for seven times is the
process for Shodhan of Abhraka
[7]
. Marana means
trituration of metal/mineral with Kalami sora &
Guda or other liquid media for several hours &
then repeated incineration at high temperature in a
Puta system
[8]
. Bhasmas can be obtained in
different forms, colors and with different
physiochemical properties by changing the method
of preparation
[9]
. These properties can be tested by
variety of classical Ayurvedic tests
[10]
to ensure
quality of bhasmas such as fineness (sukshmatva),
lusterlessness (nishchandratva), ability to float on
water (varitaratva) etc.
[11]
However, in ancient
times no proper instrumentation facilities were
available for such standardization. By modern
analytical techniques we can now focus light on the
hidden properties and composition of these
compounds which are prepared using ancient
knowledge. In all these processes, the impurities in
the Abhraka removed & reducing the toxicity with
increased medicinal value. Thus, the Abhraka
bhasma nirmana process at each step is needed to
be checked.
Material & Methods:
Abhraka Bhasma Nirmana includes
A. Shodhana of Abhraka,
B. Dhanyabhraka Nirmana,
C. Marana of Abhraka
A) Shodhana of Abhraka
Reference- Rasaratnasamucchaya 2/16-17
Equipment-Steel vessel, Bhatti, metal tongs, cloth,
measuring jar, weighing machine, iron pan etc.
Ingredients -
1) Ashuddha Abhraka - 2.5 kilogram
2) Triphala Kwatha - as required (5.5 litre)
Procedure – Required amount of Triphala Kwatha
was taken in a steel vessel. Raw Abhraka chips
were kept in Bhatti till they became red hot. The
Abhraka chips were turned up and down with metal
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
67
tongs, when the Abhraka chips became completely
red hot, they were quenched (Nirvapana) into the
Triphala Kwatha
[12]
. After few minutes the
Triphala Kwatha was separated and soft pieces of
Abhraka were collected in an iron pan to subject it
for next Nirvapana. Same procedure was repeated
for 7 times
[13]
.
Duration-3 days
Observation :
 Consistency- soft and brittle
 Colour - golden brown
 Colour of Triphala kwatha- dark brown
 Lustre - increased
 Weight after Shodhana - 1855 gram
 Loss of Weight - 645 gram
Other observations- Layers of Abhraka were easily
separated. When pieces of Abhraka were quenched
into Triphala kwatha typical ‘hissing’ sound was
produced.
Precautions- Fresh Triphala kwatha was used
every time. During Nirvapana procedure, the
Triphala kwatha became hot and partials of
Abhraka were expelled, hence this procedure was
carried out carefully.
B) Dhanyabhraka Nirmana
Reference- Rasaratnasamuchhaya 1/154
Equipments- Jute cloth, Jute yarn, steel vessels,
tray, spatula, plastic pot, etc.
Ingredients-
1) Shuddha Abhraka - 1845 gram
2) Dhana - 460 gram
3) Kanji - as required (7 litre)
Procedure- Firstly Shuddha Abhraka was
transferred to a tray and ¼ quantity of Dhana with
respect to Abhraka was added layer by layer. Then
a jute cloth (Bora) was spread on a table and
mixture of Dhana and Abhraka was transferred on
it. After covering it, a Pottali was tied by a jute
yarn. Then required amount of Kanji was taken in a
plastic pot and the Pottali was dipped in it
completely for 72 hours. More Kanji was added
when the quantity of Kanji was reduced, so as to
keep Pottali completely dipped in it. On the 4
th
day,
Pottali was taken out. A large plastic vessel
containing water was taken. A Pottali was dipped
in it and rubbed by sole. When the colour of water
changed to black, a new pot with water was taken
to give fresh media. The process is continued till
the extraction of Dhanyabhraka. The upper clean
water in the pot was separated after sedimentation
and the residue was allowed to soak. At last
lustrous black coloured course powder of
Dhanyabhraka
[14]
was collected.
Duration - 14 days
Observation :
 Consistency - Course
powder
 Colour - Black
 Lustre - present
 Weight after Shodhana - 1550 gram
 Loss of Weight - 295 gram
Precautions – Regular monitoring and addition of
Kanji is necessary. To avoid slippage Pottali was
banded tightly. Fine particles of Dhanyabhraka
also remain entangled in jute cloth. Therefore after
Mardana process removal of residue achieved by
soaking the jute cloth in water. After sedimentation
the Dhanyabhraka was separated carefully to
reduce the loss.
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
68
C) Abhraka Marana
Reference -Bruhat Yogatarangini. part-1,
Taranga 41
st
/38-40
Equipment - Khalvayantra, cloth, mixer grinder,
drier, spoon, Sharava Samputa etc
Ingredients -
1) Dhanyabhraka - 1500 gram (1 part)
2) Kalami Sora - 1290 gram total (1/4 part each time)
3) Guda- 646 gram total (1/8 part each time)
Bhavana Drayya-
4) Arka Patra Swarasa - as required
5) Dashamoola Kwatha - as required
6) Ghritkumari Swarasa - as required
Procedure – First 3 Puta were given with Kalami
Sora and Guda for the Nishchandrikarana of
Abhraka, as per Anubhuta Vidhi. The
Dhanyabhraka Choorna mixed well with 1/4
th
part
of Kalami Sora and 1/8
th
part of Guda and then
triturated (Mardana) in Khalva by adding little
amount of water. Small circular cakes (Chakrika)
were made and weighed, then the cakes were
packed in Sharava Samputa (Earthan plate) and
allowed to dry after Sandhibandhana. This Sharava
Samputa is then subjected for the Putapaka.
According to weight of Dhanyabhraka, the cow
dung cakes and coal was used for the Agni. On the
next day after cooling down the Sharava Samputa,
the cakes were separated and observation noted.
Then cakes were crushed, triturated with same as
above and subjected to second and third Puta. After
these 3 Putas, next 10 Putas were given with
Arkapatra Swarasa and 10 by Dashamoola Kwatha
Bhavana. Kumari Swarasa was used as Bhavana
Dravya for next 10 Putas. Abhraka Prakshalana -
After 33 Putas, Abhraka Bhasma was taken in a
stainless steel vessel & water was added and mixed.
After sedimentation water was separated from
bhasma. This process is carried out 3 times and
finally Abhraka Bhasma was kept in sunlight for
dryness. Puta no. 34-40 was given by Dasharmoola
Kwatha bhavana. Weight of Abhraka Bhasma after
40
th
puta was 850 gram. After 40 Puta, Abhraka
Bhasma Prakshalana was done with water to
remove Vanaspatika Kshara. After Prakshalana
weight of Abhraka reduced and it becomes bright.
Weight of Abhraka Bhasma after Prakshalana was
810 grams. Weight of Abhraka after Puta, Bhavana
Dravya, Agnipramana and observations are
mentioned in the Table 1 and 2.
Table No.1: Puta for Nishchandrikarana of
Abhraka :
No
.
of
Put
a
Weight of
the
ingredien
ts
Bhav
ana
Drav
ya
Details
of Puta
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta
Obser
vation
s
1
Abhraka -
1500 gm
+ Kalami
Sora-375
gm+
Guda-
188 gm
Jala
22 cow
dung
cakes
+3 kg
coal
1750g
m
Yello
wish
brown,
Chand
rika
+++,
Shlaks
hna+,
brittle
2
Abhraka -
1750 gm+
Kalami
Sora-440
gm+
Guda-
220gm
Jala
20 cow
dung
cakes+
3 kg
coal
1900g
m
Blacki
sh
dark,
Nishch
andrat
va+++
3
Abhraka -
1900 gm+
Kalami
Sora-
475gm+
Guda-
238gm
Jala
20 cow
dung
cakes+
3 kg
coal
1950g
m
Yello
wish
Brown
with
black
shade,
Nishch
andrat
va+++
+
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
69
Table No. 2: Showing Details of the Puta and
Observations :
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weigh
t of
Abhra
ka
after
Puta
(in
gram)
Observatio
ns
4
1950
18 Cow
dung
cakes (9
above, 9
below
)+ 2.5
kg coal
1800
Yellowish
brown with
black
shades,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
Kharata ++,
brittle +++
5
1800
18cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1700
Ishtikabha
with black
shade,
Hardness
++,
Nishchandr
atva ++++
6
1700
18 cow
dung
cakes
+2.5 kg
coal
1650
Ishtikabha
with black
shade,
Hardness
++,
Nishchandr
atva ++++
7
1650
18 cow
dung
cakes +
1.5 kg
coal
1625
Istikabha
with black
shade,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
Hardness
++, Kharata
++
8
1625
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1600
Istikabha ,
brittle +,
Kharata+,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
Sookshma+
9
1600
20 cow
dung
cakes
+2.5 kg
coal
1575
Ishtikabha,
brittle++,
Sookshmatv
a,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weigh
t of
Abhra
ka
after
Puta
(in
gram)
Observatio
ns
10
1575
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1555
Ishtikabha,
Hardness
++
Nishchandr
atva +++,
Sookshmatv
a +
11
1555
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1530
Ishtikabha,
Hardness
++,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
Sookshmatv
a +
12
1530
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1500
Ishtikabha,
Nishchandr
atva ++++,
Sookshma
++,
Hardness
++
13
1500
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1470
Ishtikabha,
Nishchandr
a++++,
Sookshma
++
14
1470
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1450
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a+++++,
Sookshmatv
a ++,
Hardness +,
Rekhapurna
tva +
15
1450
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1425
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a ++,
Hardness +,
Rekhapurna
tva ++
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
70
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in
gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta (in
gram)
Observatio
ns
16
1425
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1405
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a ++,
Hardness +,
Rekhapurna
tva ++
17
1405
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1385
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a ++,
Hardness +,
Rekhapurna
tva ++
18
1385
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1370
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle +,
Rekhapurna
tva+++,
Shlakshna+
19
1370
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1350
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle++,
Rekhapurna
tva+++
Shlakshna+
+
20
1350
20 cow
dung
cakes+
2.5 kg
coal
1335
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle ++,
Rekhapurna
tva+++
Shlakshna+
+
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in
gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta (in
gram)
Observatio
ns
21
1335
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1320
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle ++,
Rekhapurna
tva +++ ,
Shlakshna
++
22
1320
20 cow
dung
cakes
+2.5 kg
coal
1310
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a+++,
brittle+++
Rekhapurna
tva++++,
Shlakshna,
Varitaratva
+
23
1310
20 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1300
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle +++
Rekhapurna
tva ++++,
Shlakshna,
Varitaratva
+
24
1300
21 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1285
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle
++++,
Rekhapurna
tva +++++,
Shlakshna
++,Varitara
tva +
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
71
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in
gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta (in
gram)
Observatio
ns
25
1285
22 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1275
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a +++,
brittle ++,
Rekhapurna
tva+++++,
Shlakshna
++,
Varitaratva
+
26
1275
22 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1250
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a ,
Sookshmatv
a++++,
brittle++,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Shlakshna+
+,Varitaratv
a++
27
1250
22 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1240
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a ++++,
brittle +
,Rekhapurn
atva,
Shlakshna
+++,
Varitaratva
++
28
1240
22 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
1225
Ishtikavarna
,Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a,brittle+,Re
khapurnatva
, Shlakshna
++,
Varitaratva
+++
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in
gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta (in
gram)
Observatio
ns
29
1225
22 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
1215
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a ,
Sookshmatv
a, brittle +,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Shlakshna
++,
Varitaratva
+++
30
1215
22 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
1200
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a, brittle ++,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Shlakshna
++++,
Varitaratva
+++
31
1200
22 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
1190
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a ,
Sookshmatv
a,
Shlakshna,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Varitaratva
+++
32
1190
22 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
1175
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a ,
Sookshmatv
a,
Shlakshna,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Varitaratva
+++
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
72
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhraka
after
Puta (in
gram)
Observation
s
33
1175
22 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1150
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a,
Shlakshna,
Rekhpurnat
va,
Varitaratva
+++
34
1010
15 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
1000
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshmatv
a,
Shlakshna,
Rekhapurna
tva,
Varitaratva
+++
35
1000
15 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
980
Ishtikavarna
,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
Varitaratva
36
980
18 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
960
Istikavarna
black
shadow on
upper cakes,
Nishchandr
a,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
brittle,
Varitaratva
No.
of
Puta
Weight
of
Abhraka
Before
Puta
(in
gram)
Details
of Putas
(Agnipr
amana)
Weight
of
Abhrak
a after
Puta (in
gram)
Observatio
ns
37
960
18 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
940
Ishtikavarn
a bright,
Nishchand
ra,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
brittle,
Varitaratv
a ++++,
38
940
18 cow
dung
cakes +
2.5 kg
coal
915
Ishtikavarn
a, bright,
Nishchand
ra ,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
brittle,
Varitaratv
a ++++,
39
915
20 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
880
Ishtikavarn
a, bright,
Nishchand
ra ,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
brittle,
Varitaratv
a ++++,
40
880
20 cow
dung
cakes +
3 kg
coal
850
Ishtikavarn
a bright,
Nishchand
ra,
Sookshma,
Shlakshna,
brittle,
Varitaratv
a ++++
Observation & Result-:
After Shodhana the layers of Abhraka were
separated easily. Fine particles of Dhanyabhraka
were entangled in jute cloth, therefore after
Mardana residue achieved by soaking the jute cloth
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
73
in water. Near about 80-85% of Nishchandratva
was achieved after third Puta during Mardana
procedure. After first 3 Puta Abhraka was swollen
and cake like in appearance. After Prakshalana of
Abhraka, the weight of Abhraka was reduced and it
was brighter in appearance. After 40
th
Puta,
Abhraka was Sookshma, Shlakshna, and Ishtikabha
and fulfilled all the Bhasma Pariksha. Observations
of Raw Abhraka before Shodhana, after Shodhana
and Abhrakabhasma are as follows.
Table No. 3: Analysis of Raw Abhraka Before
Shodhana, After Shodhana & Abhrakabhasma
[15]
Ingred
ients
Shabda
Spar
sha
Rupa
Rasa
Gand
ha
Ashud
dha
(raw)A
bhraka
-
Khar
a,
Kathi
na,
Ruks
ha
Blackis
h, shiny
-
-
Shudd
ha
Abhra
ka
-
Ruks
ha,
Khar
a
Black
coloure
d with
Chandr
ika,
powder
form
-
-
Abhra
ka
bhasm
a
Dantag
rekach
a
kachab
hava
Shlak
shna,
Mrud
u,
Lagh
u,
Sook
shma
Ishtikav
arna,
Nishch
andra,
Rekhap
urnatva
,
Varitar
a,
Unama,
Nirdhu
ma
Nisw
adu
(Tast
eless
)
Nirga
ndha
(odou
rless)
Table No.4 : Results of Raw Abhraka Study
Sample
Test
Value
Mica
(Raw
Abhraka)
Aluminium as Al
2
O
3
Iron as Fe
2
O
3
Silica as SiO
2
Magnesium as MgO
K
2
O content
11.26% w/w
2.61% w/w
48.39% w/w
23.16% w/w
3.82% w/w
Table No.5: Results of Analysis of
Abhrakabhasma
Sr.
No.
Test
Value of Abhraka
Bhasma
1
Loss on Drying (%
w/w)
0.16
2
Total ash
99.21
3
Acid Insoluble Ash
(% w/w)
58.37
4
Iron as Fe (% w/w)
14.79
Discussion :
Abhraka Bhasma was prepared as per classical text
method. Krishna Vajrabhraka was selected for
Abhraka Bhasma preparation which didn’t lose its
property on Agnipariksha. Abhraka Shodhana was
done in Triphala kwatha by Nirvapana procedure.
Dhanyabhraka was prepared by the proportion of
Shodhit Abhraka 1 part and Dhana ¼ part and
pottali of it dipped in kanji for 3 days. After that it
was rubbed by sole for extraction of Abhraka
through the pores of pottali. Abhraka is ionic
compound, so excessive temperature leads to
Satvapatana, hence temperature should be proper.
The cow dung and coal was used for puta
according to weight of Abhraka. For
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
74
Nishchandrikarana of Abhraka first 3 putas were
given by Guda and Kalami sora (Anubhuta vidhi)
and chandrika reduced up to 80-85 % after 3 puta.
Arkapatra swarasa, Dashmoola kwatha and
Kumari swarasa was used to achieve Vataghna
property. Ishtika varna of Abhraka is because of
Iron oxide is the chief constituent of Abhraka
Bhasma which believed to be causative factor of
that typical Brick Red colour. In the Analysis of
Raw Abhraka - Aluminum was 11.26%w/w, Iron -
2.61% w/w, Silica- 48.39% w/w, Magnesium-
23.16% w/w and potassium- 3.82% w/w was found.
These contents are naturally present in Abhraka;
the analysis was carried out to check the presence
of contents. Loss on Drying – This test is carried
out to check the moisture content of the mixture
and its percentage should be less in Bhasmas. It
was found that Abhraka Bhasma has loss on drying
in 0.16. Total ash - It indicates the percentage of
inorganic matter present in the sample. The
remaining matter should be considered as loss on
ignition. In the Bhasma values of Total ash should
be less and it was 99.21% in Abhraka. Acid
Insoluble Ash - It is carried out to check the
percentage of insoluble inorganic content of the
Bhasma in dilute acid. Since a drug must first pass
into solution before it can be absorbed. So Acid
Insoluble Ash test of Bhasma is therapeutically
very important. Abhraka Bhasma contains Acid
Insoluble Ash 58.37%w/w. Assay – Assay for Fe,
Cu indicates the parentage of that particular metal
(Compound form) in the Bhasma which was in
range mentioned in standards of C.C.R.A.S. In
Abhraka Bhasma, Assay for Fe was 14.79.
Conclusion :
Dhanyabhrikarana of Abhraka produces uniform
and fine powder of Abhraka, concludes that even in
underdeveloped phase of human life technique used
by ancient Acharya was scientific and of great
significance. For the Nishchandrikarana of
Abhraka first 3 Putas given with Guda and
Kalamisora, after this process there was marked
reduction in Chandrika (lusture). For the Abhraka
Marana, Gajaputa is mentioned in texts but the
quantity of Bhasma didn’t mentioned. Hence
proportion of Agni should be taken as per weight of
Chakrika. Modern analytical tools proved the
quality of Abhrakabhasma, so it’s needed for
standardization of Bhasma.
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
75
Acknowledgement :
I am sincerely thankful to my Ph.D. Guide,
Honorable Dr. Raman S. Belge, (M.D., Ph.D.)
Professor & HOD, Rasashastra-BK department,
Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur for their
support, inspiration, valuable advice & moral
support, ceaseless interest in my research work. I
also thankful to Honorable Dean (Retired), Dr.
Prakash H. Khaparde, G.A.C., Osmanabad and my
P.G. Guide Honorable Dr. R. M. Khiyani, Ex-
Associate Professor & HOD, Rasashastra-
Bhaishajyakalpana Department., Govt. Ayurved
College, Nagpur for their friendly guidance,
inspiration, kind cheerfulness during entire course
of my post graduate studies and for shown me way
at my weaker points. I am releasing the limitations
of language and words while acknowledging my
heartily gratitude towards love, care, affection,
encouragement of my wife Preeti & my daughter
Lavanya, my family members and friends.
References:
1. Tripathi Y.B., Sharma G.M.K., Singh V.P.,
Sinha R.K., Singh D. X-rays diffraction and
microscopic analysis of Tamra bhasma: an
Ayurvedic metallic preparation. Indian Journal
of Traditional Knowledge 2003:2:107 ed17.
2. Wadekar M.P, Patel R.K.. Preparation and
characterization of a copper based Indian
traditional drug: tamra bhasma. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Biomed Analysis
2005:39(2):951e5.
3. Joaquin P. An investigation on the activity
pattern of alchemical transmutations. Journal of
Science Explorer 2002:16:593e6023.
4. Das B, Achintya M, Jayaram H. Management of
madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) with current
evidence and intervention with Ayurvedic
Rasaushadhies. Indian Jounal of Traditional
knowledge 2011:10(4):624e8.
5. Rajput D, Meshram P, Patgiri BJ. Critical review
on pharmaceutical prospects of nagabhasma
(incinerated lead). International Journal
Pharmaceutical Biology Architecture
2014:5(5):46e53.
6. Shri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratnasamucchaya,
Indradev Tripathi, 1st edition, Varanasi:
Chaukhamba Sanskrut Sansthan; 2009; Chapter
No 2/16-17; Page 101.
Issue : 01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Vd.Kishor Bodhakar Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00075 |ISSN :2584-2757
76
7. Kulkarni D.A.: Rasa Vagbhata
Rasaratnarammucchaya, Meharchand Lacchman
Das, New Delhi 21, 1992.
8. Korde Deepali R: A Pharmaceutical
standardization of Abhraka bhasma (Evaluation
of effect of different number of putas in its
single preparatory method), Department of Rasa
Shastra and Bhaishajya kalpana, IPGT&RA,
Jamnagar.2003
9. Rasheed A., Marri A., Madhu Naik M.
Standardization of bhasma-importance and
prospects. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
2011; 4 (6):1931e3.
10. Tripathi Indradev, editor. Hindi
commentary of Rasaratnasamuchhaya. Varanasi:
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2006.
11. Kokate C. K., Purohit A. P., Gokhale S.B..
Analytical pharmacognosy. Pharmacognosy
2005:1e 99. 30th ed.
12. Acharya Sharangdhar, Sharangdhar
Samhita, Smt Shailaja Shrivastava, 4th edition,
Varanasi: Chaukhmba Orientalia; 2005;
M.K.2/1-2 Page. 135.
13. ShriVagbhatacharya, Rasaratnasamucchaya,
Indradev Tripathi, 1st edition, Varanasi:
Chaukhamba Sansrut Sansthan; 2009; Ch. No
2/16-17.
14. ShriVagbhatacharya, Rasaratnasamucchaya,
Indradev Tripathi, 1st edition, Varanasi:
Chaukhamba Sanskrut Sansthan; 2009; Ch. No
2/21; Page 12
15. Singh SK, Chaudhary A, Rai DK, Rai SB.
Preparation and characterization of a mercury
based Indian traditional drug, Ras-Sindoor.
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2009;
8: 346-351.
Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 153
Dr.
Kishor Bodhakar
Inter. J.Digno. and Research
This work is licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 License
Submission Link : http://www.ijdrindia.com
Benefits of Publishing with us
Fast peer review process
Global archiving of the articles
Unrestricted open online access
Author retains copyright
Unique DOI for all articles
https://ijdrindia.com